Sultanpur is a city situated in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh on the banks of the Gomti, which Hindus consider a holy river.

The city is the administrative headquarters of Sultanpur district and is a part of Ayodhya division in Uttar Pradesh, India.

[4] This was identified with the Kusapura mentioned by Xuanzang, who said that Gautama Buddha taught here for six months and that it had a stupa built at the time of Ashoka which was then in disrepair.

When it was heard to the Sultan Alauddin Khalji that this incident took place, he gathered an army and attacked them at once, on the opposite bank of the Gomti River from Kusbhawanpur defeating the rebels and sending them fleeing.

[4] Old Sultanpur was originally located on the left bank of the Gomti and is mentioned on several occasions by Muslim historians as the site of battles.

[4] At some point, though, the British established a military station and cantonments on the opposite (right) bank of the Gomti, at a village then called Girghit, and this eventually took on the name Sultanpur instead while the old town declined.

[4] In 1890 the Victoria Manzil was built for the first agricultural exhibition, and it served as the town hall and the meeting place for the municipal board under British rule.

[4] The town also had three markets: Perkinsganj, Shawganj, and Partabganj, the last of which opened in 1895 and was named after Partab Bahadur Singh, the raja of Kurwar.

The geography of Sultanpur comprises plain lands, except for some regions around the Gomti River, which drains almost the whole city and district.