The second Summit was held in March 2023 and was co-hosted by United States, Costa Rica, Zambia, Netherlands and Korea.

During the intersession remarks, Hong Kong democracy activist Nathan Law made a speech.

[a] Discussions about strengthening democratic institutions and preventive measures to stop authoritarianism from happening were held.

[10][11][12] Leaders could give a short virtual opening remarks to the participants, for example British Prime Minister gave a three-minute speech.

[13] The summit's guestlist was criticized for inviting participants based on the political interests of the United States, not on its democracy ratings.