Surge tank

Surge tanks are usually provided in high or medium-head plants when there is a considerable distance between the water source and the power unit, necessitating a long penstock.

The main functions of the surge tank are: Consider a pipe containing a flowing fluid.

When a valve is either fully or partially closed at some point downstream, the fluid will continue to flow at the original velocity.

This oscillation in tank height and flow will continue for some time but its magnitude will dissipate due to the effects of friction.

[2] It is typically used in vehicles with electronic fuel injection or that will be sustaining high lateral acceleration loads for extended periods.