[5] Arndt studied medicine at the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat in Berlin beginning in 1913, which prepared him to be a medic during World War I.

[2] He lived with Lina on Skalitzer Street in the Kreuzberg district of Berlin, where they were among the 2% minority of the residents who were Jewish.

By 1925, Arndt hired a nanny Anni Schulz and a chauffeur to drive his 1922 Picard touring car.

[9] Arndt and his wife were liberal Jews who attended a neighborhood synagogue, but who did not keep a kosher kitchen and did not celebrate all of the Jewish holidays.

[10] Their family expanded during World War II to include Erich's girlfriend, later his wife, Ellen Lewinsky and her mother Charlotte.

[12] In the fall of 1938, Arndt obtained four exit visas for his family but gave one away to his nephew who was about to be sent to a concentration camp.

Treatment of the Jewish population continued to degrade and Arndt's attempts to obtain another exit visa were unsuccessful.

[14] Throughout 1940 and 1941, Jews were issued ration cards that increasingly restricted the types of food they could buy, excluding meat, canned goods, and more.

The food that they were able to purchase became limited to cabbage, turnips, potatoes, noodles, and bread, which made Jews prone to disease and malnutrition.

Arndt's children, Erich and Ruth defied the Nuremberg Laws and Nazi regime in 1940 by going to the beach.

[2] To make it easier to identify Jews, Nazi Germany required Jewish people to wear large yellow star badges beginning on September 19, 1941.

It was reported by a German industrialist that 2 million people had died and the Nazis intended to kill all of the Jews.

[17] Erich heard that Jewish slave laborers were about to be sent to Auschwitz concentration camp by Joseph Goebbels.

[18] A war veteran, Arndt had a hard time believing that Jews were victims of mass murder.

He wrote in his diary, "[t]hey are now wandering about Berlin without homes, are not registered with police and are naturally quite a public danger.

"[1] Arndt was helped by Anni and Gustav Schulz of Neu Zittau, Brandenburg, a remote suburb of Berlin.

At times, Arndt's wife Lina, described to her neighbors as a "lonesome friend", was taken in by Anni Schultz and her family.

The Schulzs grew vegetables and raised chickens that were used to feed themselves and were handed out to Arndt family members who hid throughout Berlin.

[2] He felt at first that his daughter or one of his children should stay with them, but Auguste (also called Anni) persuaded him that he was most at risk as a military-aged, circumcised man.

[22] The Gehres were rare among the people of Berlin who did not let fear of what would happen to them stop them if they were caught helping Jews.

The slight population of people who might help the family dwindled as Berliners‘ homes were bombed during the war.

He deserves the contempt of the entire nation, which he has deserted in its gravest hour to join the side of those who hate it.Hans and his son Max Kohler, factory owners, took in Erich when the Arndt family went into hiding.

"[1][2] Six members of the group, Arndt's wife, daughter, and son, Bruno, Ellen, and Catherine spent the last eight months of the war at the factory.

Since the Nazis inspected factories during the day, the rest of the group rode the subway or walked the streets.

[18] A German officer, Herr Wehlen, hired Ellen and Ruth to work for him for a short time.

[25] Arthur Arndt's extended family worked covertly as laborers and domestic servants[2] and moved periodically to various hiding places.

[1]Arthur and Lina Arndt moved to the United States,[26] having arrived on the SS Marine Marlin on December 20, 1946.

[32] Karl and Auguste Gehre, as well as Gustav and Anni Schulz, received the title Righteous Among the Nations in 1988.