Svetlana Alexandrovna Pletneva (also spelled Pletnyeva and Pletnyova; Russian: Светлана Александровна Плетнёва, Russian pronunciation: [svʲɪtˈɫanə ɐlʲɪkˈsandrəvnə plʲɪtʲˈnʲɵvə]; 1 April 1926 – 20 November 2008) was a Russian and Soviet archaeologist and historian.

Like Lev Gumilev, she was a student of Mikhail Artamonov, although she discarded many of the former's theories as mere speculations.

Pletneva is the author of numerous books on Eurasian nomads, particularly the Khazars.

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