[9] In 2020, Arlaud won the César Award for Best Supporting Actor for playing a child sex abuse survivor in By the Grace of God.

[10] In 2023, Arlaud played lawyer Vincent in Justine Triet's legal thriller Anatomy of a Fall,[11] for which he won another César Award for Best Supporting Actor.

[15] In October 2023, alongside other French artists like directors Justine Triet, Arthur Harari, Céline Sciamma and actress Adèle Haenel, Arlaud signed an open letter published in the newspaper l'Humanité demanding a ceasefire and an end to the killing of civilians amid the 2023 Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip and for a humanitarian corridor into Gaza to be established for humanitarian aid.

[17] In January 2024, Arlaud signed a petition against actor Gérard Depardieu after he was accused of sexual assault by several women.

[18][19] In June 2024, Arlaud signed a petition addressed to French President Emmanuel Macron demanding France to officially recognize the State of Palestine.