It prefers flowing water in riffles in cool, clear mountain streams, with boulder substrates.

The diet and natural history of this species have been little studied but are probably similar to those of its close relative, the greenside darter (Etheostoma blenniodies).

The Swannanoa darter prefers flowing water in riffles pools in cool, clear mountain streams.

Pollution from mining operations and the impoundment of streams and rivers throughout the Swannanoa darter's range has possibly resulted in declines in distribution.

Much of the current range of the Swannanoa darter lies within protected areas in national forests and parks, but any activity that increases sedimentation or decreases water flow could negatively impact this species.

Activities with a potential for negative effects include careless logging, mining, development, and impoundment of streams and rivers.

In the lower elevations and larger water bodies where these darters are found, pollution and contaminants could also pose problems for this species.