The women's 100 metre butterfly event at the 1992 Summer Olympics took place on 29 July at the Piscines Bernat Picornell in Barcelona, Spain.

[1] Prior to this competition, the existing world and Olympic records were as follows.

The following records were established during the competition: Rule: The eight fastest swimmers advance to final A (Q), while the next eight to final B (q).

[2] * Delord and Kirichenko tied for sixteenth place, but the latter elected not to participate in a swimoff, allowing the former to advance to the semifinals by default.

[3]