The men's 100 metre backstroke competition of the swimming events at the 2012 European Aquatics Championships took place May 22 and 23.

The heats and semifinals took place on May 22, the final on May 23.

[1] Prior to the competition, the existing world, European and championship records were as follows.

48 swimmers participated in 7 heats.

[2] The eight fastert swimmers advanced to the final.