Swimming is one of the sports at the quadrennial Mediterranean Games competition, a regional multi-sports event open to athletes from countries located around the Mediterranean Sea.
As of the most recent 2018 edition, the swimming program features 19 men's and 19 women's events.
In the first four editions from 1951 to 1963 the swimming program only featured men's events.
The program was expanded to include women for the 1967 edition, with only three events initially available to them (100 m freestyle, 100 m backstroke, 100 m breaststroke).
New events were gradually added over the decades so that full parity was achieved by 2001.