The majority of members of the government were part of the cabinet under Swinney's predecessor, Humza Yousaf's second administration.

[3] On 29 April 2024, Humza Yousaf announced his intention to resign the leadership of the Scottish National Party, and as First Minister.

[5] Shona Robison resigned as Deputy First Minister on 8 May in favour of Kate Forbes, but was re-appointed as Swinney's Finance Secretary with additional responsibility for local government.

The ministers for independence and culture were abolished, with their incumbents Jamie Hepburn and Kaukab Stewart moved to other positions.

[11][12] Prior to Swinney's appointment, it was announced in February 2024 that Màiri McAllan would be taking maternity leave.