[4] Following the genocide, Mudacumura's wife and children were moved to Germany with the help of FDLR political leader Ignace Murwanashyaka.

"It is Mudacumura who gives all the overall instructions and commands, and others follow his orders... No operation could ever be done without his consent," one former FDLR combatant told Human Rights Watch.

[9] Big Patrick was also rumored to have used his contacts with MONUC to provide expatriate medical care to Mudacumura in November 2009.

[10] Mudacumura's brother-in-law, Lt. Col. Edmond Ngarambe, was the FOCA spokesperson prior to being captured in Operation Umoja Wetu.

[15] Mudacumura was killed by Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) security forces in Rutshuru Territory on the night of 17/18 September 2019,[1] along with "his closest lieutenants".