Carollo was born on June 17, 1896, in Terrasini, Sicily, and immigrated to the United States in 1903 to join his parents in the French Quarter of New Orleans.
Carollo was also arrested and indicted for ordering the December 1930 contract killing with a lupara of William Bailey, an ex-cop, deserter from the United States Army, and liquor hijacker with a very lengthy criminal record.
Despite testimony by several New Orleans policemen that Carollo was in New York City at the time of the shooting and wounding of Agent Moore, he was sentenced to two years in Federal prison.
Released in 1934, Carollo negotiated a deal with Luciano crime family mobsters, Frank Costello and Phillip "Dandy Phil" Kastel, along with Louisiana Senator Huey Long, to bring illegal slot machines to New Orleans.
The new mayor of New York, Fiorello La Guardia, had started attacking mob gambling establishments in that city, and Costello thought that New Orleans might be a safer environment for them.
At the end of the war, Louisiana Congressman James H. Morrison proposed a special bill in the U.S. House of Representatives making Carollo a naturalized citizen.
Arriving in Sicily, Carollo organized an alleged partnership with fellow exile Charles "Lucky" Luciano, establishing criminal enterprises in Mexico.
At the time of his arrest and conviction in the Federal Bureau of Investigation's "Operation Hardcrust" sting related to mob infiltration of the video poker industry in the mid-1990s, Anthony Carollo had become the boss of the family.