The Synagogue of Besançon is a Jewish congregation and synagogue, located at 23 Quai de Strasbourg, in the Battant area, near the old part of town, in the city of Besançon, in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region of France.

[3] A Jewish community formed in Free Imperial City of Besançon in the 14th century, after the expulsion of Jews from the Kingdom of France, but was forced to leave shortly thereafter.

The congregation built its first synagogue on Rue de la Madeleine, in the Battant district in 1831.

[4] An Imperial Decree dated 22 May 1867 authorized the community to acquire land on the Quai Napoléon.

The community then entrusted the local architect Pierre Marnotte with the commission to design a building "in the Moroccan style".