The women's duet event at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece, took place inside the Athens Olympic Aquatic Centre from 23 to 25 August.

[1] Reigning world champions Anastasia Davydova and Anastasia Ermakova of Russia overwhelmed the audience with an extraordinarily synchronous and impressive performance to defend their Olympic title with a final merit of 99.334 points.

Japan's Miya Tachibana and Miho Takeda maintained a silver-medal streak in their second Olympics with 98.417, while U.S. duo Anna Kozlova and Alison Bartosik climbed out from behind to earn a bronze with 96.918.

The scores from the two routines were added together and the top 12 duets qualified for the final.

[1] The final consisted of one free routine, the score from the final free routine was added to the score from the preliminary technical routine to decide the overall winners.