Synchytrium

[3] Zoospores of other members of Chytridiomycota typically give rise to one zoosorangium or a polycentric thallus capable of producing many zoosporangia.

An exception to this is S. minutum; it uses the stomata to enter the host plant and penetrate a sub-epidermal cell.

[1] Species in this subgenus are long cycled and begin as a uninucleate thallus that functions as a prosorus.

In these species, the zoospores can develop into either a prosori, as in Microsynchytrium, or they can fuse to form a flagellated zygote.

[1] These species develop in a similar fashion as Eusynchytrium except that the resting spore acts as a prosorus upon germination.

Three species, S. lacunosum, S. potentille, and S. gei, are alpine in nature and have been reported to occur abundantly up to 11,500 feet.

[1] Outbreaks of Synchytrium typically occur in moist environments, such as temporary swamps, frequently inundated meadows, and ditches.

Infections are not usually destructive with the noted exceptions of Synchytrium endobioticum, S. vaccinii, S. sesamicola, S. oxalydis, S. geranii, and S.

For example, sporangia of Synchytrium psophcarpi can be transported 15 meters (49 feet) by the wind with maximum dispersal occurring in the afternoon.

For example, two species common to North America, Synchytrium decipiens and S. macroporosum, appear to overwinter as sori on vegetative material.

[1] Most species of Synchytrium infect wild plants and rarely affect human affairs.

[1] The most well-known species is Synchytrium endobioticum, a parasite of Solanaceae; it is the causal agent of black wart in potatoes.

Synchytrium vaccinii creates galls on cranberry, azalea, chamaedaphne, gaultheira, and ledum.

[1] Synchytrium psophocarpi is one of the major diseases affecting winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus), which is important high protein crop.

[4] Synchytrium pogostemonis is the casual agent of budok (which translates as wart in a local Indonesian language), a disease of Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin).

[9] Synchytrium solstitiale parasitizes the yellow star thistle (Centaurea solstitialis), an important weed in the United States.

For this reason, S. solstitiale is being considered as a biological control of the yellow star thistle in the United States.

[10] Another species being considered for biological control use is Synchytrium minutum, which occasionally parasitizes kudzu.

[11] Species in this group are distinguished from one another based on morphology of the various life cycle stages, differences in cytology, both the cytological reaction and gross reaction of the host plant to infection, and the host plant.

However, similar to other members of Chytridiomycota, all of these features exhibit considerable variation and often overlap between species.

However, cross inoculation experiments reveal that strains demonstrate considerable host range restrictions, which implies the presence of cryptic species.

The study also found deep divergences and fast evolution rates in the genus, which is to be expected under Red Queen dynamics.