Samuel Hirsh Peltyn was born at Mariampol, where he studied Bible, Talmud, sciences, and languages.

[3] In 1865 he established the Izraelita, a Polish weekly devoted to Jewish interests, remaining its editor throughout his life.

[5][6] He wrote also a number of tales of Jewish life, and made translations of the works of Leopold Kompert and others.

Peltyn was active in the Reform temple in Warsaw and attempted to give a Polish rather than a German orientation to the service and the sermon.

In 1896, not long before his death, Peltyn's article was featured on the front page of Izraelita to protest against the project promoting Yiddish publications in Warsaw.