Chiba Prefecture Tōnoshō has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light to no snowfall.

The area around Tōnoshō has been inhabited since at least the Japanese Paleolithic, and archaeologists have found stone tools and tombs from the Kofun period.

After the Meiji Restoration, the villages of Tōjō, Tachibana, Jindai and Sasagawa were founded on April 1, 1889 within Katori District of Chiba Prefecture with the creation of the modern municipalities system.

Tōnoshō has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral town council of 15 members.

In terms of national politics, the town is part of Chiba 10th district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.