[2] The mountain is located eight miles (13 km) southeast of Yellowstone Lake, and 2.18 miles (3.51 km) southwest of Eagle Peak which is the nearest higher peak,[5] as well as the park's highest point.

Topographic relief is significant as the summit rises 2,670 feet (814 meters) above Trappers Creek in 1.35 miles (2.17 km).

Volcanoes of the early Eocene supplied the material that formed the mountain 50–55 million years ago, and here created the rugged terrain in Yellowstone Park.

[3][8] According to the Köppen climate classification system, Table Mountain is located in a subarctic climate zone with long, cold, snowy winters, and cool to warm summers.

[9] Winter temperatures can drop below 0 °F with wind chill factors below −10 °F.