It has a population of about 15,000 people, with a slight majority of Vohra Gujarati Muslims with the remainder Hindus of various castes.

During Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni's invasions into Gujarat, the town was both attacked and conquered by his armies, sometime between the years 1024-1026AD.

Two of the more famous saints are Maulana Nizamuddin Bajouri, an Afghan Pashtun from Bajour, who lived and died in Tadkeshwar in the 19th century; and his disciple Shaikh Moosaji Mehtar.

Tadkeshwar has a large and very old madrasa Darul uloom Falah-e-Darain, where hundreds of Muslim students from far afield as Sudan and Srinagar in India go to become ulama (alim) and qurrāʾ.

In 2014, 52 million-year-old amber encased fossil of a termite which thrived in ant colonies was discovered from lignite mines.