The women's 57 kg competition at the 2016 Summer Olympics was held on 18 August, at the Carioca Arena 3.

Eva Calvo from Spain finished with a silver medal, beating second-time Olympian Hedaya Malak in the semifinal and Iran's Kimia Alizadeh in the quarterfinal, both of whom went on to win a bronze in the repechage.

The main bracket consisted of a single elimination tournament, culminating in the gold medal match.

The top eight athletes in each event were seeded so as not to face each other in the preliminary round.

Each semifinal loser faced the last remaining repechage competitor from the opposite half of the bracket in a bronze medal match.