Taihoku Prefecture (臺北州; Taihoku-shū) was an administrative division of Taiwan created in 1920, during Japanese rule.

The prefecture consisted of modern-day Keelung, New Taipei City, Taipei and Yilan County.

Its government office, which is now occupied by the Control Yuan of Taiwan, was in Taihoku City (modern-day Taipei).

Population statistics of permanent residents in Taihoku Prefecture in 1941: There were 3 cities and 9 districts under Taihoku Prefecture.

Courthouses in 1945 (Shōwa 20) Penitentiaries in 1932 (Shōwa 7) Police stations in 1945 (Shōwa 20) Designated roads in 1939 (Shōwa 14) Open ports in 1938 (Shōwa 13) List of notable people born in, or who grew up or were active in Taihoku Prefecture during Japanese rule.