Hyōgo Prefecture Taishi has a Humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light to no snowfall.

In 606 AD, Prince Shōtoku, also known as Shōtoku-taishi, gave a lecture on the Lotus Sutra to the Imperial Court, and was rewarded with the estate of Ikaruga-no-shō, which is located on the present town area.

The village of Ikaruga was created within Ibo District, Hyōgo with the establishment of the modern municipalities system on April 1, 1889.

Taishi has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral town council of 14 members.

In terms of national politics, the town is part of Hyōgo 12th district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.