Takayama Hikokurō (高山 彦九郎) (15 June 1747 – 4 August 1793) was a Japanese samurai and historian, and one of the early proponents of the sonnō jōi movement which became highly influential during the Bakumatsu period in the events leading to them Meiji restoration.

He claimed descent from Takayama Shigehide, one of the 16 companions of Nitta Yoshisada, the famed imperial loyalist during the wars of the Nanboku-chō period.

During his travels, he cultivated a wide circle of acquaintances with whom he regularly corresponded, including Hayashi Shihei, Uesugi Harunori, Hirose Tansō and others.

He resided for a time at the house of the kuge Iwakura Tomokazu, presented a memorial to Emperor Kōkaku and wrote numerous patriotic poems.

He was outraged by the treatment of Dainagon Nakayama Naruchika by the shogunate over an issue pertaining to the regnal name for Emperor Kōkaku and publicly criticized the rōjū Matsudaira Sadanobu.