In recent years, he has requested that his rugby squad name be recorded more accurately as Taulupe, but does not mind being called Toby.

Faletau made his debut for the Newport Gwent Dragons senior team, on 1 November 2009, versus Edinburgh.

[5] It was confirmed on 9 December 2015 that, after months of speculation, Faletau would be joining English Premiership side Bath Rugby in time for the 2016–17 season.

[6] On 5 November 2021, it was confirmed that Faletau would return to Wales to join Cardiff in the United Rugby Championship ahead of the 2022-23 season.

[9] On 11 September 2011, he made his World Cup debut for Wales against South Africa, scoring his first international try in the second half, adding another in the game against Namibia.

[10] Faletau also played all five games in Wales' 2013 Six Nations Championship victory, including the 30–3 win over England in the final match.

Faletau continued to represent Wales in the November 2013 Autumn Series,[13] scoring his third test try against Argentina in a man of the match performance.

[21] Faletau played every minute of Wales' 2015 Six Nations campaign, which included the Round 4 23–16 victory against Ireland in which Wales made a massive 250 tackles to deny the Irish a grand slam,[22] and the final round 61–20 thrashing of Italy, which left Ireland needing to win their game against Scotland by 17 points or more to clinch the championship, which they did.

Faletau and his childhood friends, Mako and Billy Vunipola, were selected for the British & Irish Lions for their 2017 tour to New Zealand.

[25][26] In February 2025, having not played for Wales since 2023 Rugby World Cup due to a series of injuries, Faletau returned to the starting lineup for the second round of the 2025 Six Nations against Italy.