[6] Tehran province covers an area of 18,814 square kilometres (7,264 sq mi) and is located to the north of the central plateau of Iran.

[7] Tehran province has several archeological sites indicating settlements dating back several thousand years.

The oldest of these in Tehran Province is the remains of two sites in Firuzkuh County that date back to the fourth millennium BCE.

[16][17] Many Kurds have migrated to Tehran province in recent years to continue their studies or to find jobs.

Also, the people of Sarbandan, Jaban, Sorkheh Deh and Khosrovan districts of Damavand county in the east of Tehran province speak Kurmanji Kurdish language.

[25][26][27][28] A population of Iraqi nationals who are of Iranian origin that live in Dolat Abad area of Tehran.

The unstable situation and the war in neighbouring Afghanistan and Iraq prompted a rush of refugees into the country who arrived in their millions, with Tehran being a magnet for much seeking work, who subsequently helped the city to recover from war wounds, working for far less pay than local construction workers.

The population history and structural changes of Tehran province's administrative divisions over three consecutive censuses are shown in the following table.

Tehran province is the richest in Iran, as it contributes approximately 29% of the country's gross domestic product (GDP).

Mountain ranges such as The Alborz span the north; Savad Kooh and Firooz Kooh are located in the northeast; Lavasanat, Qarah Daq, Shemiranat, Hassan Abad and Namak Mountains are in the southern areas; Bibi Shahr Banoo and Alqadr are situated in the southeast and the heights of Qasr-e-Firoozeh been located to the east of the province.

In the mountains, however, it is cold and semi-humid all year round, and the higher regions are colder with long winters.

Average annual rainfall is approximately 200 millimetres (7.9 in), the maximum being during the winter season mostly in the form of snow.

[citation needed] Generally speaking, year round, regions such as the southern slopes of the Alborz Mountains, especially in the mountains, valleys, and rivers and artificial lakes formed behind the great dams of Amir Kabir, Latiyan and Lar along with natural lakes of Jaban and Tarr provide considerable recreation for the province.