In the process of privatization, a concession was granted to liberalize mobile, CATV and packet-switched telecommunications.
CATV licenses were granted at a local level, and while it was a more natural monopoly, pirate operators proliferated within populous cities in the 1990s.
The concession for packet communications, perhaps against the constraint of limited international telephony competition (with the global exceptions of callback, transit and re-file arbitrage) -- created conditions in which Skype was natively created.
In 2023, about 93% of citizens engage with e-government services, highlighting a citizen-centric governance approach.
Supporting this digital progress, approximately 10.1% of graduates are in Information and Communication Technology (ICT).