Television in Indonesia
Television in Indonesia started in 1962 (during the opening ceremony of the 1962 Asian Games), when the then state-run station TVRI began broadcasting – the third country in Southeast Asia to do so.
[2] However, the initial idea to establish a television station in Indonesia was put forward by then Minister of Information Maladi as far as 1952.
[3] On July 25, 1961, Maladi, who has become Minister of Information, signed an agreement (SK Menpen) to create a committee for the preparation of the establishment of television in Indonesia.
There was only a year to create a studio, broadcast tower, and other technical equipments in the former site of the Information Academy at Senayan.
The first experimental TV broadcast was the live coverage of the celebration of the 17th Anniversary of Indonesia's Independence on the morning August 17, 1962 from Jakarta's Merdeka Palace.
[2] At 14.30, August 24, 1962, the citizens of Jakarta witnessed the live broadcast of the opening ceremony of the 4th Asian Games from Gelora Bung Karno.
TVRI then quickly formed as a network made up of 12 television stations and 8 production studios, one national and 7 regional.
Color broadcasting was introduced on September 1, 1979[2] on TVRI's national and local stations, which expanded to other provincial capitals.
On August 16, 1976, the Domestic Satellite Communication System (Sistem Komunikasi Satelit Domestik or SKSD) through Palapa A1 was inaugurated.
[2] In March 1981, the ban on commercial advertisements was in force on TVRI, making it funded by both the licence fee and government budgets for years.
As the only TV station in Indonesia for many years, aside from coverage of state events, sessions of the People's Consultative Assembly and national holidays, as well as news, educational programming and regional programs in the many regional languages, TVRI had also broadcast entertainment, child-oriented and sports programmes to suit the needs of the viewing public.
As part of the plans of the Fifth Development Cabinet, however, noticing how its ASEAN neighbours had operated private television channels with success (Malaysia had its own by then sole private TV channel TV3, which opened in 1984 and the Philippines and Thailand also had private TV stations in conjunction with the state networks, while TVRI was by then in the same situation as in Laos, Myanmar, Cambodia and Brunei which all had only a state TV channel while Vietnam had both national and state-sponsored regional stations), the door was opened for the formation of private television stations and an end to the TVRI monopoly, while the former was starting to become a true national network when it launched TVRI Program 2 (Programma 2), which signed on on April 1, 1989, as the Metro Jakarta station offering both national programming and local productions.
Also in 1990, the government issued a decree forbidding private television stations from airing commercial advertising in languages other than Indonesian.
40 regarding the television property tax collection between Yayasan TVRI and PT Mekatama Raya, a private company owned by Sudwikatmono and Sigit Hardjojudanto.
Since the beginning of 1991, this private company was the responsible body that accepted the television property tax paid by TVRI viewers nationwide.
[2] On January 23, 1991, PT Cipta Televisi Pendidikan Indonesia (TPI) started its broadcast of educational programs with some advertisements.
[2] TPI would later become the first Indonesian UHF television station when it launched free to air broadcasts on the Channel 34 frequency in 1992.
On April 14, 1992, the Directorate General of Radio, Television and Films decided that Yayasan TVRI will phase out the television tax altogether when, after one year, PT Mekatama Raya failed to increase the revenue from payments made by viewers, thus transitioning to one fully financed by the national budget.
On February 28, 1993, PT Cakrawala Andalas Televisi, a joint venture between Agung Laksono and the Bakrie family, started its first broadcast.
Previously, since 1996, Indovision had operated using television decoders and parabolic antennas as the first DTH satellite pay TV system in the nation.
[2] On the same month, Publik Khatulistiwa TV was first founded as a community television at Bontang, although it only became a limited company 3 years later.
32 of 2002 classified television broadcast in Indonesia, regardless of its transmission medium, as follows: Despite this, a number of government-operated are still exist, albeit satellite-based, thus formally can't included in any types above.
Satellite television has been available in Indonesia since Indovision, currently known as MNC Vision, was incorporated on 8 August 1988 and officially launched on 16 January 1994.
