Situated in the south of the city it shares borders with the boroughs of Mitte and Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg in the north, Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf and Steglitz-Zehlendorf in the west as well as Neukölln in the east.

Tempelhof-Schöneberg consists of six localities as from north to south: As of 2010, the borough had a population of 335,060, of whom about 105,000 (31%) were of non-German origin.

The largest ethnic minorities were Turks constituting 7% of the population; Poles at 4%; Yugoslavians at 3%; Arabs at 2.5%; Afro-Germans at 1.5% and Russians at 1.3%.

It has responsibility for passing laws and electing the city government, including the mayor.

The most recent district council election was held on 26 September 2021, leading to a Green-red coalition (Zählgemeinschaft) between the Greens and the Social Democratic Party.