Spacing and ordering of the parameters within the template is irrelevant and does not affect the final, rendered text.
All are optional and indentation is used simply to group related items — these may be mutually exclusive where indicated.
A full list of this template's supported parameters, their aliases, and their dependencies is shown in the Usage section near the top of this documentation page.
In very rare cases, identifiers are published which do not follow their defined standard format or use non-conforming checksums.
In order to suppress the error message, some identifiers (|doi=, |eissn=, |isbn=, |issn=, and |sbn=) support a special accept-this-as-written markup which can be applied to disable the error-checking (as |=((
This behaviour can be overridden by one out of a number of special keywords for |title-link= to manually select a specific source (|title-link=pmc or |title-link=doi) for auto-linking or to disable the feature (|title-link=none).
These levels describe requirements or constraints related to accessing and viewing the cited material; they are not intended to indicate the ability to reuse, or the copyright status, of the material, since that status is not relevant to verifying claims in articles.
When they are not free-to-read, editors should mark those sources with the matching access-indicator parameter so that an appropriate icon is included in the rendered citation.
If the registration/limited/subscription access to the source goes dead and is no longer available, then remove the access-indicator parameter and add |archive-url= and |archive-date= values if possible.
When they are free-to-read, editors should mark those sources with the matching access-indicator parameter so that an appropriate icon is included in the rendered citation.
When the sources linked by these named-identifier parameters are not presumed to carry a free-to-read full text (for instance because they're just abstracting services), they may not be marked as limited, registration, or subscription.
For those named identifiers there are no access-indicator parameters; the access level is automatically indicated by the template.
For example, the markup "{{harv|Wright|Evans|1851|p=ix}}" generates the Harvard reference "(Wright & Evans 1851, p. ix)", which wikilinks to the citation whose markup and appearance are shown below: In this example the {{citation}} template defines, and the {{harv}} template uses, the HTML ID "CITEREFWrightEvans1851", composed by concatenating the string "CITEREF" with the last names of the authors and the year.
It is good practice to verify that a page does not contain duplicate IDs by using the W3C Markup Validation Service; see External links.
It determines the citation type by examining which parameters are used.Template parameters[Edit template data]This template has custom formatting.The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link' insteadGiven or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link' insteadTitle of source.
Follows publisher; if work is not defined, then publication-date is preceded by "published" and enclosed in parenthesis.Sets rendered dates to the specified formatYear of the source being referenced; recommended only when date parameter format is YYYY-MM-DD and a CITEREF disambiguator is neededControls the closing punctuation for a citation; defaults to a period (.
Ignored if quote is defined.The surname of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'The given or first name, middle names, or initials of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'Title of existing Wikipedia article about the editorReplaces the name of the editor with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing editor separator; for example, 'with' insteadReplaces the name of the first author with em dashes or text.
Must be prefixed with one of the supported language codes to help browsers properly display the scriptAn English language chapter title, if the source cited is in a foreign language; 'language' is recommendedAdditional information about the media type of the source; format in sentence caseURL of an online location where the text of the publication can be found.The full date when the original URL was accessed; do not wikilinkThe URL of an archived copy of a web page, if or in case the URL becomes unavailable; requires 'archive-date'Date when the original URL was archived; do not wikilinkFormat of the ArchiveThe status of the URL- live, dead, usurped/unfit (inappropriate content) or deviated (different content)Series identifier when the source is part of a series, such as a book series or a journal; alias of 'version'May be used instead of 'page' or 'pages' where a page number is inappropriate or insufficientSet to 'y' to suppress the 'p.'
For the contribution alias, see contributor-lastChapter heading for languages that do not use a Latin-based alphabet (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, etc); follows transliteration defined in chapter.
'Geographical place of publication; usually not wikilinkedPublication place shows after title; if 'place' or 'location' are also given, they are displayed before the title prefixed with 'written at'Name of the publisher; displays after titleThe language in which the source is written, if not English; use the ISO 639 language code (preferred) or the full language name; do not use icons or templatesFormat of the work referred to by 'url' ('url' is required when using 'format'); examples: PDF, DOC, XLS; do not specify HTMLAn identifier for arXive electronic preprints of scientific papersAmazon Standard Identification Number; 10 charactersASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the USBibliographic Reference Code (REFCODE); 19 charactersbiorXiv identifier; 6 digitsCiteSeerX identifier; found after the 'doi=' query parameterDigital Object Identifier; begins with '10.
'The date that the DOI was determined to be brokenInternational Standard Book Number; use the 13-digit ISBN where possibleInternational Standard Serial Number (print); 8 characters; usually split into two groups of four using a hyphenInternational Standard Serial Number (online); 8 characters; usually split into two groups of four using a hyphenHandle System identifier for digital objects and other resources on the InternetJahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik classification codeJSTOR identifierLibrary of Congress Control NumberMathematical Reviews identifierOnline Computer Library Center numberOpen Library identifierOffice of Scientific and Technical Information identifierPubMed Center article numberPubMed Unique IdentifierThe Corpus identifier in Semantic Scholar.
Displays as a link to the Semantic Scholar page.Request for Comments numberSocial Science Research NetworkZentralblatt MATH journal identifierA unique identifier used where none of the specialized ones are applicableRelevant text quoted from the source; displays last, enclosed in quotes; needs to include terminating punctuationAn anchor identifier; can be made the target of wikilinks to full references; special value 'harv' generates an anchor suitable for the harv and sfn templatesSets the style for the list.
For cs2, element separator is a comma (,); terminal punctuation is omitted; where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are not capitalized ('retrieved...').
To override default terminal punctuation use the postscript parameter.If the full text is free to read via the HDL, type 'free'.International Standard Music Number; Use the ISMN actually printed on or in the work.