Temple of Roma and Augustus

The construction apparently coincided with the repair of the west side of the Erechtheion, since a geison block from there was found built into the foundations of the circular temple.

[6] An inscription in an archaizing pseudo-stoichedon style on the architrave reads: The People (dedicated this temple) to the Goddess Roma and [[Augustus Caesar]], when the hoplite general was Pammenes, son of Zenon, of Marathon, priest of the Goddess Roma and Augustus Soter on the Acropolis, when the priestess of Athena Polias was Megiste, daughter of Asklepiades of Halai, in the archonship of Areios, son of Dorion, of Paiania.Dio Cassius states that in the winter of 22–21 BCE, Augustus visited Athens, at which time the statue of Athena in the Parthenon, which usually faced eastward, turned west, and spat blood in Rome's direction.

[8] This implies an evident hostility on the part of Athens toward Augustus,[citation needed] when the city had previously sided with Antony in the Civil War.

It was not until Augustus’ second visit, after his diplomatic victory over Parthia, when he participated in the Eleusinian rites, that relations must have sufficiently thawed for the exchange of honours.

Either its placement in the "field of victory"[9] could signify the Athenian attempt to contextualise Roman power in the long span of Greek martial achievement, and thereby subtly subordinate it.