Spain's Marc López and Rafael Nadal defeated Romania's Florin Mergea and Horia Tecău in the final, 6–2, 3–6, 6–4 to win the gold medal in Men's Doubles tennis at the 2016 Summer Olympics.

In the bronze-medal match, the United States' Steve Johnson and Jack Sock (unseeded) defeated Canada's Daniel Nestor and Vasek Pospisil, 6–2, 6–4.

[1] The Bryan brothers (Bob and Mike) of the United States were the reigning gold medalists from 2012, but they withdrew before the competition due to health concerns.

Jo-Wilfried Tsonga of France, silver medal winner in 2012 with Michaël Llodra, returned with a new partner in Gaël Monfils.

2000 gold medalist Daniel Nestor (and career golden slam winner) of Canada competed for a fifth Games with his third different partner.

An additional restriction was that players had to have been part of a nominated team for three Davis Cup events between 2013 and 2016 (with some exceptions).