It has its origins in the private collection of the family of the foundress of Tenrikyo, Oyasama.
[1] They sponsor the Tenri Antiquarian Materials Workshop, which gathers rare materials from the modernization period in East Asia in the 19th and 20th centuries, and organizes them for local and overseas research.
Several years later, in April 1925, a plan was made to combine the libraries of several Tenrikyo schools in order to establish a general library open to students, researchers, and the public.
July 1962 saw the completion of an extension of the library building, which added 10,722 square meters of floor space.
Among the valuable Japanese materials of its collection are six volumes designated as national treasures (such as the Ōyo Bunchukō Shū), over seventy volumes designated as important cultural properties, 15,000 printing blocks of Jōruri inbon, 170 printing blocks of Motoori Norinaga, Teikokun Kojiki, and 1,200 printing blocks of Kogido Isho.