Gutiérrez collaborated at first with Francisco García Calderón's administration, only to later participate in the Breña Campaign, under the command of General Andrés Avelino Cáceres, who he admired.

One year later in Argentina, he wrote to Nicolás de Piérola accusing the government of Chile of orchestrating the insurrection in Loreto, offering his military service if it became a necessity.

[1][8] After Billinghurst was deposed in a coup d'état in 1914 by Óscar R. Benavides, he was exiled to Chile, where Gutiérrez soon followed, establishing himself in Valparaíso.

[9] By this point, Gutiérrez had also adopted anarchist ideas, his intent of restoring the Inca Empire, and had begun his military training of the Indians of Puno.

On December 10, 1915, the San José hacienda, owned by farmer Bernardino Arias Echenique, was attacked by Gutiérrez's forces.

[1] His project for Peru and Bolivia, the Great South American Confederation of the Pacific (Spanish: Gran Confederación Sudamericana del Pacífico), which was to be headed by himself and his allies, was never realized.

[11] The 1915 rebellion and Gutiérrez himself established themselves in early 20th century Peru, with journalists and writers, such as José Carlos Mariátegui, Clemente Palma and Jorge Basadre writing articles about him.