It is one of two recognized species of box turtle in the United States, having two subspecies.

T. o. ornata are generally more bold in their approach to predators, often stretching their legs and head out in an attempt to look big.

Both sub-species, although they live in dry, arid environments, will dig deep burrows to escape the heat and allow access to higher humidity content.

T. ornata luteola inhabits the driest areas of all the box turtle species, and is found in western Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and adjoining areas of northern Mexico.

In Indiana, the ornate box turtle is listed as an endangered species.