Since the establishment of the Republic of Turkey, both organized groups, lone wolf, and international spy agencies have committed many acts of domestic terrorism against Turkish people.
The signs and physical symbols they use are to threaten people by raising the index finger (the index finger) up and into the air (Islamic Terrorist Organizations Symbols); The aim is to 'use religion' to talk about the activities they will do and to persuade them to Islam, to make them adopt the concept of jihad, to see themselves as soldiers of Allah and to force people to believe in this direction, to terrorize them and to spread terror with brutality.
Among the crimes they commit; substance use and sale, harassment, kidnapping, various threats, disrupting the order of countries, violating borders, savagery and massacre in social areas (with weapons and bombs), infiltrating social life and brainwashing people and imposing substance use on people to become members of their own organization.
[3] Turkey's political liberalization began with Adnan Menderes and Celal Bayar's registering of the Democrat Party (DP) in January 1946.
[4]Driven by a Marxist-Leninist ideology, these often small, lethal, urban terrorist groups flourished during the Cold War aiming to overthrow their country's democratic government and replace it with their "vision" of a proletarian rule.
[8] Over the 2000, The DHKP/C began a campaign of suicide bombings in 2001, combining the tactic with targeted assassination and the use of improvised explosives to attack the Turkish police.
[8] Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), a Kurdish separatist group, was responsible for the vast majority of terrorist attacks through 1980s and 1990s.
In February 2020, an Istanbul court acquitted novelist Aslı Erdoğan of charges of terrorist group membership and "undermining national unity".
[12] The Kurdish group Kongra-Gel, which has been engaged in armed violence since the 1980s, continued its activities in southeastern Turkey and Iraqi Kurdistan.
With the exception of some clashes in southeast Turkish over the construction of military outposts that Kurdish supporters view as incompatible with the peace process, the ceasefire held until 2015, when the Turkish government ordered the detention of suspected KGK members in Turkey and renewed attacks against KGK camps and weapon caches in Kurdish Iraq.
[8] In the 1980s and 1990s, Jihadist terrorism in Turkey was an isolated phenomenon represented by the Turkish Hezbollah and the Great Eastern Islamic Raiders' Front.
[19] Some scholars have argued that minimizing the risk posed by Iranian-backed Islamist terrorist groups in the 1990s enabled them to escalate their objectives of destroying the secular regime in Turkey and establishing an Iranian-style theocratic republic.
[26] The group published newsletters, smuggled arms, and hijacked buildings as it sought to bring in European intervention that would force the Ottoman Empire to surrender control of its Armenian territories.
[7]: 10–12 According to the US State Department "Turkey regularly used to criminalize the exercise of freedom of expression and peaceful assembly".
[30] The definition of terrorism in Turkey is rather vague as it also includes a social media post or taking part in popular protests.
[31] The Country Reports on Terrorism, published by the U.S. Department of State, provide assessments regarding counterterrorism efforts worldwide.
The report covers Turkey's counterterrorism activities, legal regulations, human rights practices, and international cooperation.
The report examines the judicial processes and arrests targeting individuals linked to the Gülen Movement, which Turkey holds responsible for the July 15, 2016 coup attempt.
The U.S. does not recognize this movement as a terrorist organization and refers to its leader, Fethullah Gülen, as an "exiled cleric and political figure."
The report criticizes some of these cases, citing insufficient evidence and a lack of adherence to international legal standards.
The report highlights concerns regarding Turkey's counterterrorism laws, stating that they are occasionally applied in ways that restrict freedom of expression and the right to peaceful assembly.
The report notes that Turkey remains on the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) gray list.
It outlines steps taken by Turkey, such as introducing regulations concerning politically exposed persons, enhancing financial intelligence activities, and improving risk-based supervision.