[10][11][12] Their arguments culminated in Samuel Messick's 1995 article that described validity as a single construct, composed of six "aspects".
They describe five types of validity-supporting evidence that incorporate each of Messick's aspects, and make no mention of the classical models’ content, criterion, and construct validities.
Validation therefore begins with a framework that defines the scope and aspects (in the case of multi-dimensional scales) of the proposed interpretation.
A single interpretation of any test result may require several propositions to be true (or may be questioned by any one of a set of threats to its validity).
The argument may call for a revision to the test, its administration protocol, or the theoretical constructs underlying the interpretations.