[8] In September 1983, Continental filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy, stating that its high labor costs prevented it from effectively competing with non-union startup carriers and the new two-tier wage scales by its major competitor American Airlines.
[9] The bankruptcy filing allowed Continental to fire 8,000 employees, and subsequently rehire a small portion of them at lower wage rates and improved work rules.
[10] With lower labor costs, Texas Air successfully restructured Continental as a low-fare carrier, and allowed it to exit bankruptcy in 1986.
[11] In the same year, the company began a four-year battle with the International Association of Machinists in an attempt to lower labor costs at Eastern.
[18] In August of the same year, Lorenzo agreed to leave the company after selling his remaining shares to SAS.