With 973 beds, it is the primary pediatric teaching hospital affiliated with Baylor College of Medicine and is located within the Texas Medical Center.

[16] On September 21, 1971, the patient known as "Bubble Boy," David Vetter was born at the Texas Children's Hospital.

Eventually he went to the Dana–Farber Cancer Institute for an experimental stem cell transplant, but died days later after contracting Epstein–Barr from the marrow, which had been undetectable in the pre-transplant screening.

[18][19][20] In addition to helicopters, Texas Children's sent multiple fixed wing aircraft, ambulances, doctors, and nurses to Baton Rouge to help with patient care in New Orleans.

In the aftermath of the storm, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine also took in pediatric residents from Tulane to continue their education.

[23] The campaign raised $575 million and included construction of Texas Children's Hospital The Woodlands, which provides pediatric care for families in the communities north of Houston,[24] as well as construction of the Lester and Sue Smith Legacy Tower in the Texas Medical Center.

The David Center is dedicated solely to treating immunological-deficiency diseases, especially those involving the development of cancer.

[citation needed] In addition to their pediatric specialties, Texas Children's Hospital serves adults through a couple of their nationally recognized programs.

[41] In 2017, Texas Children's Hospital was recognized for "facility management excellence" by the American Society for Health Care Engineering.

The hospital provides comprehensive pediatric specialties and subspecialties to infants, children, teens, and young adults aged 0–21[44] throughout Texas.

[54] In early 2020, supermarket chain, Kroger donated $100,000 to Texas Children's-The Woodlands to help in the fight against childhood hunger.

The plans were for a $450 million, 360,000 square foot hospital with 48 beds and shell space for future expansion.

[62] The 2024–25 edition of U.S. News & World Report ranked Texas Children's Hospital #4 in the subspecialty of pediatric cancer within the United States.

[63] Each year the center provides a specialized level of care to more than 4,000 children and adolescents newly diagnosed with cancer and blood diseases.

[citation needed] Originally called the Research Hematology-Oncology Service, Texas Children's Cancer Center was founded by Dr. Donald J. Fernbach in January 1958.

[65] In 1959, the first bone marrow transplant from one identical twin to another was performed by Fernbach; this was one of the first procedures of its kind for aplastic anemia.