In 1908 she received the sculpture prize from the Union of Women Painters and Sculptors, which was the first society of female artists in France.

She is widely believed to have been the first female passenger on an airplane; however Henri Farman is reported[1] to have flown or tried to fly[4] with a Mlle P. Van Pottelsberghe in Ghent, Belgium in late May.

Delagrange taught Peltier how to fly his Voisin 1907 biplane and she completed a number of solo flights, although she never earned her pilot's license.

[2] The feat was recounted in L'Aérophile: The passenger was not illegal and, in the space of a flight, she became famous: Thérèse Peltier can be proud to be the first woman in the world to have taken to the skies… Four months ago in Issy-le-Moulineaux, Delagrange had embarked alongside his friend Henri Farman.

[2]Also in 1908, Peltier accompanied Delagrange on his successful record attempt for flight duration, during which he flew 30 minutes and 28 seconds.

Peltier reportedly began training to compete for the prize, but when Delagrange died in an airplane accident,[6] on 4 January 1910 at Bordeaux, she left aviation forever.