Thabaung Township is located in west-central Ayeyarwady Region in the northern part of Pathein District.

Thabaung Township is located in the Irrawaddy Delta spanning over the southern Arakan Mountains, which forms the dividing border defining Shwethaungyan Subtownship.

The township is divided between three geophysical locations- the western coastline on the Bay of Bengal, the steep forested mountains in the west and the low-lying delta of the east.

The township sees a large and increasing amount of annual flooding, worsening from climate change.

The township lies in a mountainous tropical zone with a heavy monsoon presence, seeing 120 days of rain in an average year.

The township also has pyinkado, Indian laurel, rattan, mango, bur, Malabar plum, bamboo, gurjan and several varieties of jackfruit trees.

While the township has a rubber reserve, the forestry industry mostly produces bamboo and charcoal, mostly for local consumer use.

[3] The township generally has slow economic development, relying almost entirely on the Ngawun waterway to trade with Pathein.

The rural communities within the township have structured responses to flooding in both official and unofficial forms.