He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1900 after he had launched his practice in Osceloa in Mississippi County, in eastern Arkansas.

[1] He was a vocal critic of the Harding administration and the Teapot Dome scandal, and he chaired a worked for laws requiring disclosure of activities by lobbyists.

He supported American entrance to the League of Nations; bonuses for World War I veterans; and the Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Twentieth Amendments.

8113, which directed the "Commissioners of the District of Columbia to set apart certain sections, streets, blocks, or parts of blocks of the District of Columbia in which shall reside members of the Negro race only, and other sections... in which members of the Negro race shall not reside...." He served until his death from a blood clot in his coronary artery.

[5] Despite Caraway's admirable accomplishments, during his early days as a senator, he also gained national prominence for being a "modest and self-contained" man, a politician with "the shortest sketch in [the] Congressional Directory."

The headline of a story detailing that distinction was later found pasted in the personal scrapbooks kept by the iconic American author F. Scott Fitzgerald, whose masterwork The Great Gatsby is narrated by Nick Carraway, a protagonist whose surname was originally spelled "Caraway" in Fitzgerald's earliest draft.