Thailand won its first medal at the 2001 Summer Games in Beijing, when the women's national volleyball team took home a bronze in the Women's Team event.

Thailand's first gold medal would also come in taekwondo at the 2005 Summer Games in Izmir, when Phichet Phibunkhanrak won the Men's 72 kg event.

Thailand also won its first medal in the Winter Games at the 2023 Games in Lake Placid, when the freestyle skier Paul Vieuxtemps took home a bronze in the Men's Slopestyle event.

The University Sports Board of Thailand was created and recognized by the Fédération Internationale du Sport Universitaire (FISU) in 1967.

Thailand's most successful Games to date were the 2007 Summer Games in home, as Bangkok acted as host city, where they won thirty medals, of which thirteen of them were gold.