[1] However, it is now commonly treated at subfamily rank based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic evidence.

[2] The etymology of the subfamily name derives from the Ancient Greek words θαυματόεις (thaumatóeis, 'marvelous') and ποιέω (poiéō, 'to do') and literally means showing beautiful things.

[3][4] This explains why the name is sometimes spelled Thaumatopoeinae, incorrectly from the taxonomic standpoint, but in accordance with etymology.

[clarification needed] The larval stage of some Thaumetopoeinae are known as processionary caterpillars, so named because they move in columns in search of food, resembling a procession.

[5] Some of the species, like the pine and oak processionaries, can constitute a health hazard due to their urticating hairs.