The Canadian Brothers; or, The Prophecy Fulfilled: A Tale of the Late American War is a novel by John Richardson first published in 1840.

[1] According to the historian Michael Witgen, Richardson supported the proposals of John Lambton, 1st Earl of Durham, for reforming the Canadian political system in response to the two rebellions.

[3] Wacousta is about the conflict between Colonel De Haldimar and Sir Reginald Morton, two officers of the British army who begin the novel as friends.

[6] The titular "prophecy" is Ellen Holloway's prediction in Wacousta that everyone in the De Haldimar family will die grisly deaths.

According to the scholar Douglas Ivison, some of Canadian Brothers was written by summer 1838 and Richardson finished the novel while living in Sandwich, Ontario, in 1839.

[16] William F. E. Morley, relying on Richardson's preface to the first edition, states that the novel was completed entirely in England by February 1838 and that it was substantially finished by 1835.

[24][25] Richardson reworked Canadian Brothers under the new title Matilda Montgomerie while living in New York, deleting portions that could be seen as anti-American.

[27] Historian Michael Witgen argues that Richardson, in Canadian Brothers, opposed James Fenimore Cooper's view of American nationhood.

Canadian Brothers, on Witgen's interpretation, endorses a negative view of Americans as rebellious and power-hungry expansionists who disregard the interests of Indigenous people and the British Empire.

[7] Carole Gerson, a literary scholar, agrees: she argues that Canadian Brothers "continues the transformation of history into gothic romance initiated in Wacousta".

[30] The critic Ray Palmer Baker considered Canadian Brothers "significant", noting that it was an "early attempt to give expression to the spirit of nationality".