The Horse Fair is an oil-on-canvas painting by French artist Rosa Bonheur, begun in 1852 and first exhibited at the Paris Salon in 1853.

The prime version of the painting has been in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York since 1887, when it was donated by Cornelius Vanderbilt II.

She sought a permission de travestissement [fr] from the Paris police to dress as a man, to avoid drawing attention to herself.

The Horse Fair is printed as Plate 18 in Germaine Greer's book The Obstacle Race, in which she writes: "There was nothing titillating about the full trousers and painters' smocks that Bonheur wore", and quotes the artist herself as saying: Among the influences on Bonheur's work are the painters George Stubbs, Théodore Géricault, and Eugène Delacroix, and sculpture from Ancient Greece.

In London, the painting was shown in the home of Edwin Henry Landseer, the artist well known for his works on animals.

After the deaths of Stewart in 1876 and of his widow Cornelia in 1886, the painting was bought at auction by Cornelius Vanderbilt II for $53,000 in March 1887, and immediately donated to the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York.

[1][9] Bonheur also made a second half-size replica, which she preferred, formerly in the collection of the McConnel family (owners of a cotton mill in Cressbrook, Derbyshire) and in the collection of Jack Wheeler by 1989, when it was exhibited at Meadows Museum in Dallas; and a third half-size replica made for Commander Arthur Hill Ommanney Peter Hill-Lowe RN in Somerset (first husband of Beatrice Hill-Lowe) was sold at Sotheby's in 1978, and is now in a private collection in Baton Rouge.

[12][13] In the literary world, The Horse Fair inspired a 2000 anthology by poet Robin Becker.

[14][15] The painting, with its large scale, realistic style, and strong sense of movement, can be considered proto-cinematic.