The Jat rebellion, led by Gokula, began as a response to the imposition of the Jizya tax and the destruction of the Keshava Rai Temple in Mathura by the Mughals.

The local Jat peasantry, under the leadership of Gokula, stood up against the Mughal administration's efforts to demolish temples and enforce the jizya tax.

[1] This conflict reached a peak with the killing of Abdul Nabi, the Mughal official tasked with carrying out Aurangzeb's orders, which included the destruction of Hindu temples and the building of a mosque on their remains.

The imperial army, led by Hasan Ali Khan and Shaikh Razi-ud-Din Bhagalpuri and bolstered by artillery, confronted Gokla's formidable force of 20,000 Jat, Ahir, and Gujar peasants.

[1] This act alarmed Aurangzeb, who dispatched his grandson Bidar Bakht and the ruler of Amber, Bishan Singh, to quell the Jats.

[7] After Khan-i-Jahan's defeat, the Jat resistance intensified, resulting in the removal of Mughal outposts and the establishment of Jat-controlled territories, especially under Churaman, who strengthened Sinsini.

[3] In December 1688, an imperial army led by Prince Bidar Bakht, along with Bishan Singh’s forces comprising 2,000 cavalry and 20,000 infantry, advanced against the Jats.

[7] Additionally, he dismantled smaller forts to block any potential enemy retreats and ensured a steady supply of camels, carts, and livestock for his campaign.

Thun's thick mud walls and towering ramparts held up against cannon fire, while food shortages made survival increasingly challenging.

[3] In April 1722, after Saadat Khan, the governor of Agra, was unable to defeat the Jats, the Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah appointed Jai Singh Sawai for a second time to lead an expedition against them.

[13] Jai Singh, commanding an army of 14,000 to 15,000 troops, brought significant resources, including weapons, munitions, and two lakh rupees, to support the assault on the fort.

On November 8, 1722, Jai Singh successfully captured the fort, prompting Emperor Muhammad Shah to celebrate with three days of drumbeats.