It has a wider scope and versatility than most national theatres, with its remit including conducting national and multinational arts festivals; preserving cultural ties between Russia and the countries of the former Soviet Union; introducing local audiences to notable international arts achievements; and showcasing the experimental work of emerging actors and directors as well as established local and international directors.

Designed by architect Mikhail Chichagov, the building had many features of modern technology, including being lit by electricity, which was new at the time.

The theatre reopened in 2012, with seating reduced from 1,065 to 600 and the lower ground floor rebuilt, with a small second stage for experimental work.

Two rehearsal rooms were added to the main building, and the technical facilities, including lighting, video, sound, and stage mechanics were updated with state-of-the-art equipment.

Every month the theatre would choose a small town to visit with activities that include professional criticism of local productions, readings of new plays, master classes and seminars.

[3] Starring Evgeny Mironov and Chulpan Khamatova, the play toured to New York City in 2016[5] and was staged at The Barbican in London in October 2019.

[11] Eimuntas Nekrošius' staging of Albert Camus' Caligula, translated by Russian writer Oleg Postnov and Gorny, with Mironov in the title role won the Golden Mask in 2012.

In 2018, a production of Anton Chekhov's Ivanov played at the New York City Center, directed by Timofey Kulyabin and starring actors Evgeny Mironov, Chulpan Khamatova, Elizaveta Boyarskaya, and Victor Verzhbitskiy.