Theodor Bömelburg (27 September 1862 – 17 October 1912) was a German trade unionist and politician.
By 1888, he was living in Hamburg, where he became the chair of the local Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD).
That year, he was also elected as president of the Hamburg Trades Council, serving for a single year-long term.
He became prominent in the General Commission of German Trade Unions, co-chairing its conferences from 1899 until 1908.
In 1904, he was elected to the Hamburg Parliament, part of the first group of SPD members to sit in the body.