[5] Thermodesulfobacteriota are a phylum of bacteria that thrive in extreme environments characterized by high temperatures and pressures.

Understanding their biology, ecology, and potential applications can provide insight into their importance in environmental processes and biotechnological innovations.

They are commonly located in marine environments, such as deep-sea hydrothermal vents and sediments, as well as in geothermal hot springs.

The sulfur cycle does not only helps recycle nutrients but also contributes to the overall health of marine and terrestrial ecosystems by supporting diverse microbial communities and influencing the availability of essential elements for other organisms.

Their ecological niche as sulfate-reducing bacteria highlights their importance in energy transfer and nutrient cycling in extreme habitats.

Habitat and Distribution Typical environments where Thermodesulfobacteriota are found (e.g., hydrothermal vents, deep-sea sediments): They are predominantly found in extreme environments such as hydrothermal vents, hot springs, and deep-sea sediments, where conditions are suitable for their growth.

Impact on Climate Change Examine how Thermodesulfobacteriota might affect carbon and sulfur cycles in the context of global climate change, including their potential role in methane production or consumption: Their metabolic processes can influence the balance of greenhouse gases, including methane, by participating in both production and consumption pathways.

Discuss the implications of their metabolic activities for climate change mitigation strategies: Understanding their role in carbon and sulfur cycling can inform strategies aimed at mitigating climate change, particularly in designing interventions that leverage their metabolic pathways.

The phylogeny is based on phylogenomic analysis: Waite et al. 2020[2] Deferrisomatales "Dadaibacteria" Geobacterales Desulfuromonadales Desulfomonilales Syntrophales Syntrophorhabdales Dissulfuribacterales Thermodesulfobacteriales Desulfobulbales "Desulfofervidales" Desulfovibrionales Syntrophobacterales Desulfobaccales "Adiutricales" Desulfarculales Desulfatiglandales Desulfobacterales

16S rRNA based LTP_08_2023[9][10][11] Syntrophorhabdales Thermodesulfobacteriales Deferrisomatales "Bradymonadia" Myxococcota Geobacterales Desulfuromonadales Bdellovibrionota Syntrophobacterales Desulfobulbales Desulfomonilales Desulfarculales Syntrophales Desulfobaccales Desulfatiglandales Desulfobacterales Desulfovibrionales Campylobacterota Chrysiogenota Deferribacterota Pseudomonadota "Lambdaproteobacteria" {SAR324} Bdellovibrionota "Lernaellota" (FEN-1099) "Binatales" Myxococcota Deferrisomatales "Deferrimicrobiales" "Anaeroferrophilales" "Modulibacteria" "Methylomirabilota" "Schekmanbacteria" "Tectomicrobia" Nitrospinota Nitrospirota Geobacterales Desulfuromonadales "Zymogenales" Desulfomonilales Syntrophales Dissulfuribacteria Dissulfuribacterales "Thermodesulfobacteriia" Thermodesulfobacteriales Desulfobulbales "Desulfofervidales" Desulfovibrionales Desulfobaccales "Adiutricales" Desulfarculales Syntrophobacterales Desulfatiglandales Desulfobacterales Syntrophorhabdales "Acidulidesulfobacterales" (SZUA-79) "Nemesobacterales" "Calescamantes" "Thermosulfidibacterota" Chrysiogenota Deferribacterota Aquificota Campylobacterota "Leptospirillaeota" Pseudomonadota